Method of and apparatus for making closure caps



March 3, 1942. E, M, ENKUR 2,275,220

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING CLOSURE CAPS Original Filed Fb. 20,1935 5 Sheets-Sheet l 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 March 3, 1942.

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METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING CLOSURE CAPS v Original Filed Feb.20, 1953 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 v gmu $8 (Ittorneg 5 shts-sheet 4- WVW . Iattorney I March 3, 1942.

E. M. ENKUR METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING CLOSURE GAPS OriginalFiled Feb. 20., 1953 Imvento Eda/and Mfm March 3, 1942. E. M. EN UR275,220

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING CLOSURE CAPS Original Filed Feb. 20,1933 5 Sheets-Sheet 5' a & v x

' Q I i i \r I Patented Mar. 3 1942 A'Nn mami'rus ron MARIN CLOSURE carsMETHOD OF Edward M. Enkur, Baltimore, Md., assignor to Crown Cork & SealCompany, Inc., Baltimore, Md a corporation of New York Originalapplication February 20, 1933, Serial No.

657,734. Divided and this application ary 6, 1935, Serial N0. 5,312

Febru- 41 Claims. (01. 153-48) This invention relates to new andimprovedmethods of and apparatus for making receptacle closure caps.

The cap'of the presentinvention is of the type adapted for use withbottles, jam, or other recepthese attempts have fallen short of thedesired result in one respect or another. In some cases tacles havingexternal threadsor lugs on the necks thereof. More particularly, the capis of the general class known-in the art as lug caps.

Caps of the lug type are well known, and have been made by many'difierent methods, and have embodied a great variety of differentconstructional details. The presentcap, when compared with devices ofthe prior art, has certain fundamental structural differences, whichresult in definite advantages, as will be pointed out below.

It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a cap of thelug type, in which the lugs'are hidden fromview when the cap is in useupon a receptacle. .It is a. further object of, the

invention to provide a cap having lugs concealed the lugs were made upof a single thickness of metal, and were defective because of theirinherent weakness, or because they presented a raw edge for contact withthe receptacle thread. In other cases the lower edge of the cap'skirtwas necessarily provided with indentations or other deformations atpoints adjacent the lugs. In still other constructions, it was necessaryto Provide'an outwardly rolled head on the lower edge of the skirt tohide the lugs, and such bead dewithin the cap'skirt and constructed insuch manner that no disfiguring indications or marks appear upon theskirt of the cap adjacent their location. a V

It is a further object of the invention to provide a cap having a skirt.provided with interiorly disposed locking lugs which do not impair theuniformity of appearance of the exterior surface.

of the cap.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a cap of theconcealed, internal lug type in which the material of the cap adjacentthe lower edge of the skirt is not-deformed to a degree suf-- ficient toinjure the lacquer coating which is conventionally applied tothe capmaking material before the same is formed into the completed article.

It is a further object to provide a cap of the type specified, in whichno raw ed'ges are ex-' posed so as to be contacted by the hands of auser, or to engage directly a receptacle thread.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a new and improvedspecific lugstru'cture, characterized by great strength and rigidit'm inwhich .2. turned edge constitutes a reinforcing member, and serves theadditional function of.

presenting a rounded thread engaging surface.

In the past many attempts have been made to design and manufacture acommercially satisfactory lug cap having a smooth exterior surface; andprovided with inwardly projecting locking lugs which are concealed whenthe cap is on the receptacle, and the location of which is not irr-vdicated by indentations or other disfiguring marks on the exterior ofthe cap skirt. All of stroyed the smooth uniform appearance of the cap.Certain prior art constructions, in which the lower edge of the wardlyand upwardly and pressed into a flat fold or hem in contact with theinner face of the skirt and merging with the bottom of the skirtin asharp fold line orcrease, have been found defective because the lacquercoating on the cap making metal cracks and chips off along the sharpfold or crease, with a consequent ruinous effect 0 upon the appearanceof the completed cap.

By the construction embodied in the cap of the present invention, all ofthe defects of prior art caps of this general type are avoided, and allof the objects of the invention accomplished.

The cap of the present invention comprises a skirt having its lower edgerolled inwardly to form an interiorly disposed, circumferential bead,the cross-sectional curve of which is, at no point,

sharp enough to injure the lacquer coating on the capmaking material.The cross-sectional Q curve which marks the juncture between the.

' lower part of the cap skirt and the inwardly rolled bead isconstantaround the entire circumference of the skirt, and consequently, the

lower edge of the skirt presents a uniformly rounded surface, entirelydevoid of indentations or other deformed spots. 7

The inner surface of the inwardly rolled bead is provided at spacedpoints with inwardly proiecting, reinforced: rounded-locking lugs. Thelugs may be formed with various difler'ent specific structures, andseveral alternative methods of making them may be used. It should bedistinctly understood, therefore, that the accompanying drawings,showing two preferred forms of cap and one method of making a cap, are11- lustrative only, and. that theinvention is in no 7 sense limited tothe details thereof.

, In the drawings- I Figure'l is a vertical axial sectional view ofacup-shaped blank from which the cap of the present inventionmay be made;

cap skirtlwas turned in- Figure 2 is a similar view showing the blankafter a preliminary step in the method has been completed;

Figure 3 is a similar view showing the blank after the first beadforming operation has been performed on the edge of the skirt;

Figure 4 is a similar view of the blank after the first lug forming stephas been completed;

Figure 5 is a similar view showing one form of completed cap;

Figure 6 is a bottom plan view of the cap of Figure 5;

- cumference with a uniformly inwardly turned Figure '7 is anelevational view of the cap of.

the present invention, showing the smooth exterior surface of the same;

Figure 8 is a bottom plan view of a similar cap, showing a somewhatmodified form of lug;

Figure 9 is a vertical axial section of the cap shown in Figure 8, takenthrough the lugs;

Figure 10 is a topplan view, with a portion broken away to expose themodified form of lug;

Figure 11 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of one edge of the capskirt, corresponding to the step shown in Figure 2;

Figure 12 is a similar view corresponding to Figure 3;

Figure 13 is an enlarged vertical sectional view through thecircular'bead portion after the step represented by Figure 4 has beencompleted;

Figure 14 is a view similar to Figure 10 but taken on a section throughone of the lugs;

Figure 15 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken through the beadportion of the completed cap;

Figure 16 is a similarview, taken through one of the lugs;

Figure i7 is an enlarged sectional view of the completed cap on areceptacle, showing the manner in which the lug engages a receptaclethread;

Figure 18 is an enlarged top plan view, partly in section, showing aspecific lug structure;

Figure 19 is a vertical sectional view of an apparatus which mayconveniently he employed for performing the step in the methodrepresented by Figure 2;

Figure ,20 is a similar view; with certain parts omitted, showing thefirst curling die;

Figure 21 is a similar sectional view of the apparatus taken on line2i-2I of Figure 22, and

shows the die which performs the preliminary several cap formingoperations.

Figure 25 is a partial vertical sectional vie head, is constant on allaxial sections.

lower edge 21, the cross-sectional curve of which is constant around thecircumference of the cap, to present a uniform appearance. The materialof the cap interiorly of the rounded edge 21 continues inwardly andupwardly in a roll or bead 28. This bead is substantially circular incross-section at all points around the circumference of the skirt exceptat certain spaced points where the lugs are situated. 'I'he'bead at thelatter points is unourled, or rolled up to a lesser degree, so that itextends radially inwardly further than the adjacent bead portions toprovide locking lugs.

In Figures 15 and 18 the substantially circular, inwardly turned beadportions 28 are disclosed in section. It'will be noted that thecrosssectional curve at the lower edge of the cap skirt, between thecylindrical portion thereof and a circumferentially extending linetherebelow, such as the locus of all lowermost points 29 on the Thiscurve is continued on substantially the same radius inwardly from thatline to form an inwardly disposed substantially circular closed beadalong arcuate sections of skirt circumference. In Figures 16, 17 and 18,which show the lug in cross-section, it will be seen that although theouter curve between the skirt and the line of the points 29 is the sameas at the bead portions, the cross-sectional shape of {the inwardlyextending roll 30 is different, is somewhat flattened, or is struck on acircle of large radius. As a result,

the end portion of the skirt at these placesexof anapparatus adapted toperform an alternative method.

Figure 26 is an enlarged detail of the same prior to the uncurlingaction.

Figure 27 is a similar view, at the completion of the uncurling step.

- lugs.

tends inwardly beyond the adjacent closed bead portions and formslocking lugs 3|. Preferably the edge of each of the lugs is turnedoutwardly, as at 32, to provide a concealed edge, to function as areinforce for the lug, and to present a rounded thread engaging surface33.

The lug of'the present invention has a thread engaging surface which, asstated above, is rounded cross-sectionaily as disclosed in Figures 5, 9,16 and 17. The thread engaging surface is also rounded in a directioncircumferentially of the cap, as shown in Figures 6, 8, 10 and 18.

It will thus be seen that the skirt of the cap of the present inventionis turned inwardly throughout its entire circumference to form aconcealed edge, which edge is curled or rolled upwardly to provide acontinuous bead, and that the head at spaced points is unourled, orrolled up to a lesser degree to provide inwardly extending locking lugs.Whereas the bead is circular in cross-section and substantially closedalong the arcuate sections 23, it is open and extended inwardly atspaced portions 3| to form locking At the open portion, the edge isturned outwardly at 32, in order to reinforce the lugs and also toprovide a rounded thread contacting a surface.

It will also be noted that the lugs are horizontally aligned with theintermediate bead sections. The bottom of each of the uncurled portionsis aligned with the closed bead portions so that the cap presents asmooth lower edge, and

the tops 83 of all of the lugs are substantially in alignment with theupper surface of the bead portions.

Where in the claims the cross-sectional shape of the roll at the lugs isreferred to as being curved on a larger radius, I mean any shape,including substantially flat, which is less sharply curved than theexternal curve at the lower edge of the cap skirt.

The lugs have been described as portions of the rolled end of the skirt,or bead, which are uncurled, or rolled up to a lesser degree than theadjacent portions, and these terms must be understood to relate tostructure, and not to the method of manufacture, as the lugs may be madeby curling the entire bead and subsequently uncurling, or unrollingportions thereof. On the other hand,-they may be formed by simplyrefraining from curling certain portions of the bead as much as otherportions are curled. Also, the lugs might conceivably be formed byaxially flattoning and radially extending certain portions of the beadby applying force to the top of the head, with the bottom supported uponan anvil having a forming groove with a cross-sectional curvecorresponding to the desired uniform curve to be imparted to theexterior of the lower edge of the cap.

In Figures 8, 9 and 10, a cap having a some-.

what modified form of lug is shown. This type of lugmay conveniently befor-med by a method similar to the method described in this application,but difiering therefrom in certain respects, as is clearly pointed outin the co-pending application of Edward M. Enkur, Serial No. 660,927,

filed March 15, 1933 Patent Number 2,081,804, dated May 25, 1937. Theessential difference in the method resides in an additional step,between the steps disclosed by Figures 3 and 4, which comprises bendingoutwardly on-predetermined arcuate curves, spaced portions of thepartially formed bead or wire: Such outwardly bent portions arethenswung inwardly during the course of the step shown at Figure 4.

A comparison between Figures 6 and 8 reveals that the essentialdifference between the two specific forms of lugs is that the one shownin the latter figure is considerably shorter, circumferentially of thecap, than the first form, but

has substantially the same radial depth. The

arcuate curve 3la of the innermost edge of the lug M is struck on aradius which is a great deal shorter than the radius of the are uponwhich the inner edge of the lug 3! is struck. Since the radialprojection of the two lugs is the same, it follows that the number ofdegrees on the arc of lug 3] is greater than on lug 3|.

Certain advantages follow in certain cases from having the lugrelatively short and deep, as opposed to long and shallow as in the formof Figure 6. It is within the scope of the present invention to make thelug of any desired form and shape, depending upon the particular use towhich the cap is to be subjected.

A comparison between the several figures discloses that, although thelugs of the modified form have a materially different shape in plan,they are substantially identical to the first form in section.

A preferred method of making the cap of the present invention isdisclosed in the drawings,

and will now be described. A cup shaped blank having a top 25 and acylindrical flange 26 is made in a conventional drawing operation from asheet of .metal usually having a lacquer coating on its lower surface,or, in some cases, on both surfaces. In the several forming operationswhich convert the shell disclosed in Figure 1 into the completed cap ofFigure 5, the blank is preferably positioned upside down, as shown, andis moved step by step from one press to the next. The general plan ofthe machine forms no part of the invention of the present application,and consequently the specific means for simultaneously moving aplurality of blanks in a step-by-step motion to the various stations isnot disclosed.

The blank of Figure 1 has a substantially cylindrical skirt 2E,terminating in a rawedge 35, which normally is slightly outwardly flaredwhen the blank comes from the drawing dies. Since in the present methoditis necessary to curl the end portion of the skirt inwardly, it hasbeen found expedient to first start the curl by tuming the free edgefrom its outwardly flared position to a slightly inwardly bent position.This first step in some cases may be dispensed with, but it has beenfornd desirable with theusual run of blanks. The result of thepreliminary edge bending operation is disclosed in Figures 2 and 11, andit will be noted that the cross-sectional shape of the skirt edge hasbeen changed just enough to facilitate the next curling operation.

The second step in the, method comprises giving the edge of thecylindrical flange a substantially semi-circular, inwardly disposedcurl, as disclosed in Figures 3 and 12. This step may be performed by adie, such as is disclosed'in Figure 20, to be described below.

The third and most important step in the method comprises continuing andsubstantially closing the already partially formed roll or bead entirelyaround the circumference of the cap skirt, except at certain spacedpoints, where the roll is not continued but is left open and is merelybent radially inwardly to form radial enlargements, which aresubsequently shaped into looking lugs. The blank after this step hasbeen performed is disclosed in Figures 4, 13, and 14, and .the die whichperforms the step is disclosed in Figures 21, 22 and 23, and will bedescribed below. The lug formingprojections 31 have their outer surfaces38 disposed on an inclined plane, and extend axially outwardly beyondthe adjacent curled portions 28. Since-the rolled edge 36 of Figure 3was not curled up at the lug portions, the edge 36 extends radiallyinwardly a substantial distance.

The final step in the method comprises bending the incipient lugs 31into the interior of the cap shell, causing the several surfaces of thelugs to assume a predetermined position, and imparting a. slightadditional roll to the intermediate bead portions 28. After this stephas been completed the cap is finished and the bead portions are in theform of substantially closed tubular sections, as disclosed .in Figure15, and the lugs are relatively uncuried, or'less curled, as disclosedin Figures 16 to 18 inclusive.-,

Figures 19 to 24 show various form of diesand associated apparatus partsadapted to perform the steps enumerated above.

In the apparatus of Figure 19, a stationary base block is provided witha socket in which is mounted a nest 5|, supported by a springpressedplunger 52 Above the block, a die forming assembly is hung from across-head 54. This assembly comprises a cylindrical die 55 fixedlysecured to the cross-head and having a forming groove 56 on its bottomface. Within a central bore in the die 55 is a rod 51 normally projecteddownwardly by compression spring 58. Upon the lower end of the rod is aclamping pad 59 which, as the parts descend, first comes in contact withthe interior surface of the top 25 of the cap blank, to hold the blankin position. Surrounding the rod 51, in spaced relation thereto, andwithin the die member 55, is a depending sleeve 60 having its lower endprovided with a rounded cam surface 6|. Surrounding the sleeve 6|], andalso within the die 55, is an expanding collet 62 made up of a pluralityof spring fingers integral with a ring 63. Each of the fingers adjacentits lower end is provided with an inner cam surface 64 positioned to beengaged by the surface 5| of sleeve 50. Each finger terminates at itslower end in an outwardly projecting head 65. A compression spring 65 isdisposed between a shoulder on fingers 62 and the ring 63 and a flangeon the upper end of sleeve 60 to maintain each head 65 in contact withthe upper surface of pad 58.

When the die assembly descends the clamping pad 58 moves inside of thecap blank, and the pad holds the blank upon the nest. Because the spring53 below the nest is of lighter tension than springs 66 and 58, thecontinued movement of the pad 59 depresses the nest and blank into thesocket in block 50. Further downwardmove- 56 gives it a slight inwardbend or nip. The

fingers 62 are useful in assuring that the bend is confined to an areaclosely adjacent the edge of the flange.

When the cross-head 54 is raised, the movement of the parts issubstantially the reverse of that described above, and the blank israised to a level substantially equal to the top of the block 50 fromwhich position it may be moved to the next station. 7

Instead of using a spring pressed nest 5|, as disclosed in Figure 19, aone-piece stationary nest 5|, disclosed in Figure 24, may be used toadvantage. With a two-part assembly such as is disclosed in Figure 19, aminute groove is necessarily present at the juncture between the movablemember 5| and the block 50, and this groove results in the formation ofa slight rib, or other disfiguring mark, on the exterior of the blank.When a one-piece construction is used, this difficulty is obviated.

As a substitute for the spring pressed blank ejecting means of Figure19, the nest may be provided with a central bore to which is connected acompressed air pipe 5|". Thus, after the particular operation has beenperformed, a blast of air may be utilized to eject the blank withentirely satisfactory results.

In Figure the die structure at the next station is disclosed. In thiscase it is unnecessary to provide the expanding fingers for the innersurface of the flange. because the curling die 68 merely imparts aheading to the metal which has already been started in the rightdirection. This die 88 has a circular curling groove in its bottom facewhich has a substantially semi-circular bottom. It functions to inwardlyturn the edge of the flange to a substantially semi-circularcross-sectional curve.

In Figures 21, 22 and 23, a die is disclosed which functions to furtherbead or curl certain portions of the edge of the blank, and to formincipient lugs at other portions. This die performs the important stepin the method disclosed in Figures 4, l3 and 14.

The bottom face of the die is provided with four circumferentiallyaligned grooves 1|, each of which terminates at its ends in widenedportions 12. The radially inner wall of each groove at the portions 12is formed into' a smooth rounded shoulder 13. The grooves merge, attheir ends, into circumferentially spaced cut-away portions 10, thebottom surfaces of which have no positive formingactlon upon the bead.The intermediate grooves have substantially semi-circular bottoms, asdisclosed in Figure 23. A die constructed in substantially this manneroperates upon a partially beaded cap shell to complete the bead alongspaced sections and forms enlargements thereon at other points. When thedie descends, the grooves 1| will continue the.

curling action started by die 68, but since the groove is interrupted atthe points Ill, this curling action will not be continued around theentire circumference of the skirt. At the cut-outs 10 the bead will notbe rolled up or curled further. However, the tendency to curl impartedto the bead by the die sections II will be transmitted through thematerial of the cap skirt to the portions received in the cut-outs In,with t by the die disclosed in Figure the result that the latterportions will be drawn and will bend radially inwardly, as disclosed inFigure 21. These portions of the edge extend radially inwardly beyondthe adjacent bead portions, and form projections in the nature ofincipient lugs. They are completed, and bent to final form during thenext step of the method,

In the apparatus of Figure 24, expanding fin gers 62', similar to thecorresponding elements shown in Figure 19, are used. In this case theheads 65 project outwardly under the inturned bead and under theinturned incipient lugs'and form an anvil surface which limits theinward axial bending imparted by the die 55" to the lugs. The bottomface of the die is provided with a continuous curling surface 15 havinga rounded corner 16. 'The curve 16 between the. outer side wall of thegroove and the bottom is uniform around the entire circumference, andimparts a uniformly rounded lower external edge to the cap skirt.Furthermore, it functions to curl the bead of the cap a little more, andbends the incipient lugs downwardly into contact with the members 65'.Thus, the bottom edge of the cap skirt is uniformly rounded, and allpoints thereon lie in a common plane. The distance between the top ofthe cap and the thread engaging surface of each lug is accuratelydetermined by the upper surface of heads 65'.

An important feature of the method resides in the fact that it isunnecessary in any of the several steps to position the blank in anyparticular angular adjustment with respect to the dies. After the secondstep the blank is of uniform configuration around theentirecircumference of the fourth step has a surface of constant crosssectional shape at all points around its circumference, and the angularposition of the blank with respect to the die is immaterial, as eachpoint on the surface of the groove is adapted to complete theintermediate tions. The cap of the present invention may be made byseveral alternative methods. For instance, it is quite feasible-toroll'an inwardly disposed bead, as disclosed in Figure 15, entirelyaroundthe circumference of the skirt, and then unroll certain portionsof the bead to form lugs of substantially the form shown in Figure 16.This unrolling action can be accomplished by inserting an expanding diesuch'as is shown at 80, Figure 25, into the blank, expanding a pluralityof die surfaces outwardlyinto contact with the upper surface of thebead, positioning the lower external surface of the bead upon an anvilor curling die OI, and then applying force to the expanded die to uncurlthe bead. The anvil should have a supporting surface which conformsclosely to the exterior surface of the bead so as to prevent deformationof the lower edge of the cap skirt. The die surfaces could be of anydesired conformation and could be given any desired movement, either toflatten or unroll the bead, and the necessary function would beperformed in any event, if certain spaced portions of the bead wereprojected inwardly beyond the adjacent coiled portions.

As shown in Figure 25, the unrolling dies lll comprise bell crank levershaving hooked ends 82 adapted to be projected under the partially.formed bead as shown in Figure 26. By imparting a slight rotary movementto a cam ring 83, or by any equivalent-means, the levers 80 may beoscillated about their pivoting axes 84 so that the hooked ends 82 areswung inwardly to uncurl bead portions or the lug porthe bead, asclearly shown in Figure 27. A flndie such as is shown in Figure 24 maybe used, if desired, to impart a flnal set to the 1113s, as shown inFigure 28, but, in many cases, the use of such a die is unnecessary.

An apparatus similar to that disclosed in Figurea 25 to 27 maybe used toperform the other alternative method described above, that is, in whichlugs are formed by simply refraining from curling certain portions ofthe bead as much as other portions are curled. In such a case, the diesurfaces 82 are inserted under the partially formed bead as shown inFigure 26, and the continued curling action of the curlingdie 8i willcause the partially formed bead to beprojected inwardly, since it cannotcontinue to curl at the points where the hooked ends are inserted. In

such a case, the ends 32 may be removed after the lug is formed by themanner shown in Figure 27, or by any other appropriate relativemovement.

As an alternative method, a particular shape or contour may be given tothe lugs by appropriate dies before the lugs are turned inwardly, asdisclosed in the aforementioned copending application of Edward M.Enkur, Serial No. 660,927, flled March 15, 1933.

It'should be distinctly understood that the present invention is notlimited to the details of the a consideration of the present disclosure.Consequently the invention must be given a scope commensurate with thepresent contribution to the art, and should be limited only to themethods 1 circumferentially spaced portions,

and articles described in the accompanying claims, and theirequivalents.

This application is a division of the prior joint application flled inthe name of Eric B. Kramer and Edward M. Enkur, Serial No. 657,734.flled February 20, 1933, which has resulted in Patent No. 2,231,190,Feb. 11, 1941. That application is directed to the article ofmanufacture disclosed therein, whereas the present divisionalapplication covers the method of making the same.

I claim:

1. The method of making a closure cap from a blank having a top and asubstantially cylindrical flange terminating in a free edge, whichcomprises the steps of'curling the free edge of the flange inwardly to.form a partial bead around the entire circumference ofthe flange,continuing the curling of the partial bead to substantially complete thesaine entirely around the circumference except at circumferentiallyspaced portions, turning the partially formed bead at said spacedportions radiallyinwardly to form projections, and bending theprojections toward the top of the cap to form upwardly and inwardlyinclined lugs. v

2. The method of makinga closure cap from a bank having a top and asubstantially cylindrical flange terminating in a free edge, whichcomprises the steps of curling the free edge of the flange inwardly toform a partial bead around the entire circumference of the flange,continuing the curling of the partial head to substantially complete thesame entirely around the circumference except at circumferentiailyspaced portions, turning the partially formed bead at said spacedportions radially inwardly. without closing the partial bead to formprojections, and bending the projections toward the top of the cap toform upwardly and inwardly inclined lugs.

3. The method of making a closure cap from a blank having a. top and asubstantially cy-. lindrical flange terminating in a free edge, whichcomprises the steps of curling the free edge of the flangev inwardly toform a partial bead around the entire circumference of the flange,continuing the curling of the partial head to substantially complete thesame entirely around the circumference except at circumferentiallyspaced portions, simultaneously turning the partially formed bead at'said spaced portions radially inwardly to formprojections, and bendingthe projections toward the top of the cap to form upwardly and inwardlyinclined lugs.

4. The method of making a closure cap from a blank having a top and asubstantially cylindrical flange, comprising the steps 'of curling theraw edge of the flange inwardly to form a concealed edge around theentire circumference of the flange, continuing the curling of the flangeto form a substantially-tubular bead around the circumference of theflange except at circumfertively uncurled portions radially inwardlybeyond the substantially tubular bead portions to form locking lugs.

5. The method of making a closure cap from I a blank having a top and asubstantially cylindrical flange, comprising the steps of curling theraw edge of the flange inwardly to form a concealed edge around theentire circumference of the flange, continuing the curling of the flangeto form a substantially tubular internal bead around the circumferenceof the flange except at leaving said spaced portions relativelyuncurled, and simultaneously turning the relatively uncurled portionsradially inwardly beyond the substantially tubular bead portions to formlocking lugs.

6. The method of internally beading the depending skirt of a cap blankand forming inwardly projecting enlargements on the bead adapted to actas locking lugs for the cap, which comprises curling the edge of theskirt inwardly entirely around the periphery thereof except atcircumferentially spaced points to form a bead and leaving the edgerelatively uncurled at saidspaced points, bending the uncurled edgeportions radially inwardly beyond the curled bead portions, and thenhorizontally aligning all portions of the edge, said relatively uncurlededge portions constituting enlargements on the bead.

7. The method of internally beading the depending skirt of a cap blankand forming inwardly projecting enlargements on the bead adapted to actas looking lugs for the cap, which coming horizontally said uncurledportions with said curled portions, the former constituting enlargesments on the bead.

8. The method of making a closure cap from a blank having a top and asubstantially cylindrical flange terminating in a free edge, whichcomprises bending a narrow marginal portion of the flange adjacent thefree edge thereof radially inwardly to facilitate subsequent inwardcurling, then curling the free edge of the flange inwardly to form apartial head around the entire circumference of the flange, continuingthe curling of the partial bead to form a substantially complete beadentirely around the circumference, exceptat circumferentially spacedportions, turning the partially formed bead at said spaced portionsradially inward toform-projections, and bending the projections towardthe top of the cap to form upwardly and inwardly inclined lugs.

9. The method of making a closure cap from a blank having a top and asubstantially cylindrical flange terminating in a free edge, whichcomprises the steps of curling the free edge of the flange inwardly toform at least a partial bead around the circumference of the flange,further curling the flange entirely afound the circumference thereof,except at circumferentially spaced, relatively uncurled portions, andsimultaneously drawing said relatively uncurled portions radiallyinwardly by said further curling of the flange along the adjacentportions. said inwardly drawn, relatively uncurled portions of theflange forming locking lugs.

10. The method of making closure caps from a blank having a top and asubstantially cylindrical flange terminating in a raw edge, whichcomprises the steps of curling the lower end of the flange inwardly toform 0. turned edge entirely around the blank concealing said raw edge,further curling the flange inwardly to, provide a bead around the blank,projecting circumferentially spaced portions of the bead inwardly beyondadjacent intermediate portions to provide spaced inwardly projectinglocking lugs, and disposing said turned edge of the flange at the lugsin position to present a rounded, reinforced thread engaging surface forcooperation with the threads of anassociated receptacle.

11. The method of making closure caps from a blank having a top and asubstantially cylindrical flange terminating in a raw edge, whichcomprises the steps of curling the lower end of the flange inwardly toform a turned edge entirely around theblank concealing said raw edge,further curling the flange inwardly to provide a bead, uncurlingcircumferentially spaced portions of the bead without disturbing'saidturned edge and thereby projecting portions of the bead inwardly beyondadjacent intermediate portions to provide spaced inwardly projectinglocking lugs, and disposing the turned edge of the flange at .the lugsin position to present a rounded, reinforced thread engaging surface forcooperation with the threads of an associated receptacle.

12 The method of making closure caps from a blank having a top and asubstantially cylindrical flange terminating in a raw edge, whichcomprises the steps of turning the raw edge inwardly entirely around thecircumference of the skirt to provide a'rounded, reinforced edge,rolling the turned "edge of the skirt inwardly to provide a bead,projecting spaced portions of the inwardly rolled bead radially inwardlybeyond adjacent, intermediate portions, and positioning the turnededgeof the flange at the inwardly projected portions so as to present a"rounded, reinforced, turned surface for cooperation with the thread orlug onan associated receptacle.

' 13. The method of making closure caps from a blank having a top'and asubstantially cylindrical'flange terminating in a raw edge whichcomprises the steps of turning the raw edge inwardly entirely around theskirt to provide a bead concealing the raw edge, curling the flange andthe turned edge inwardly entirely around the flange except at spacedpoints, restraining the inward curling of the flange and the turned edgeat said points and thereby projecting the turned edge inwardly at saidpoints to provide. rounded, reinforced cal flange terminating in a rawedge, which comprises the steps of turning the lower end of the flangeinwardly to form a turned edge entirely around the blank concealing saidraw edge, curling the turned edge and the flange adjacent theretoinwardly entirely-around the skirt to provide a bead, uncurlingcircumferentially spaced portions of thebead without disturbing the formof said turned edge to provide enlargements in the bead adapted to actas locking lugs, and positioning the turned edge of the flange at saidenlargements so as to present rounded, reinforced thread engagingsurfaces for cooperation with the threads of an associated receptacle.

15. An apparatus for forming metal caps including a die having anannular groove to curl inwardly the edge of a cup-shaped blank to forman in-curled bead,- said annular groove having cut-out portions atintervals in its inner wall only to permit portions of the blank to bedrawn inwardly to form lugs.

16. An apparatus for forming metal caps including a die having anannular groove of substantially semi-circular cross-section to curlinwardly the edge of a cup-shaped blank to form an in-curled bead, saidsemi-circular groove havinga continuous wall, and having'its inner wallcut away at intervals, to permit portions of. the

blank to be drawn inwardly to form lugs.

17. The method of forming a metal cap from a cup-shaped blank whichcomprises curling an inside bead on the skirt by the pressure of a die,4 i and causing spaced portion of the inwardly curling bead to drawinwardly adjacent portions of the bead to form lugs.

18. The method of forming a metal cap from a cup-shaped blank whichcomprises curling 'inwardly certain portions of the skirt by thepressure of a die and, by these curling-in portions, dragging inwardlylagging portions of the bead to form lugs. r

19. The method of forming a metal cap from a cup-shaped blank whichcomprises the forming of inwardly extending lugs at intervals by curlinginwardly other portions of the blank skirt.

20. The method of forming a metal cap from a cup-shaped blank'whichcomprises the forming of inwardly extending lugs at intervals withoutthe direct application of pressure thereto by directly applying pressureto other portionsof theblank skirt axially thereof to form an incurledbead at said portions.

21. The method of forming a metal cap which comprises engaging a diewith the edge of the skirt of a cup-shaped blank and causing said 'edgetobe curled inwardly, and then further curling portions of the skirt tocause said edge of other portions of the skirt to be dragged inwardly toform lugs.

22. The method of forming a metal cap which comprises providing a turnededge around the skirt of a cup-shaped blank, engaging adie with saidturned edge and causing the same to be curled inwardly, and then furthercurling portions of the skirt to cause the turned edge of other portionsof the skirt to be dragged inwardly to form lugs. r

23. The method of forming a metal cap which comprises curling inwardlythe skirt of a cupshaped blank and by this inward curling, causing theedge of certain portions of the skirt to be dragged inwardly to formlugs.

24. An apparatus for forming metal caps including a die having means forengaging and inwardly curling the edge of the skirt of a cupshapedblank, and means on said die causing portions of the skirt to be drawninwardly from positions within the boundary of the skirt by thein-curling bead to form lugs.

25. An apparatus for forming metal caps in-. cluding a die having meansfor exerting direct pressure'against portions of the edge of a.cupshaped blank to inwardly curl the edge of "the blank, the die beingcut away at other portions, thereby permitting the edge of the blank atthese points to be freely drawn inwardly to form lugs, and means fordetermining the angle the lugs assume with respect tothe skirt of thecap.

26. An apparatus for forming metal caps, comprising a die, means on saiddie for curling inwardly the edge of a cup-shaped blank, and other meanson the die for causing portions of the blank to be dragged inwardly, toform lugs.

'27. An apparatus for forming metal caps, oomprising a die, means onsaid diefor forming an' in-curl'ed bead on a cup-shaped blank, and meansfor causing portions of the edge "of the blankto be dragged inwardly toform lugs.

*28-:-An apparatus for forming metal caps including means for formingan'in-curled bead onv a cup-shaped blank, and means for causing portionsof the edge of the blank to be. dragged inwardly to form lugs.

29. The method of forming a metal cap which comprises exerting pressureon the edge of the skirt of a cup-shaped blank to give, at least apartial inward curl throughout the edge, and relieving the curlingpressure at certain spaced points only, to form lugs at those points.

30. The method of forming an interior bead and a projectingthread-engaging lug on a cap closure flange, which consists in bendingthe rim portion of the flange inwardly into the interior of the closurein proximity to the inner face of the flange, continuing the bending ofthe inbent portion until it assumes the form of a curled:

bead, and while continuing the bending applying a retarding forceto asegment of the inbent portion by means at the underside thereof to givethe retarded segment the form of a resilient thread-engaging lugincorporated in the bead.

31. In apparatus of the character described, means for retaining a capclosure having an annular flange, a movable die member for inwardlybending the rim portion of the annular flange and shaped to form theinbent portion into a bead lying adjacent the inner face of the flange,an anvil movable within the outline of the flange into a position to beengagedby a segment of the rim portion, said die member havingcooperation with the anvil concurrently with the shaping of the bead topress the segment into a projecting lug 'the proximateends of which areintegrally connected with the head.

32. The method of fabricating a thread-engaging type 'of cap closurehaving a' cylindrical flange with a bottom rim edge of uniform extentfrom the crown of the closure, whichv con- 'sists in bending under diecontrol, without altering the outer face of the flange, a uniform amountversely rounded inwardly directed rim edge portion and also a marginalinterior portion, both extending circumferentially around the flange andthe marginal interior portion terminating above the plane of thelowermost surface of the transversely rounded rim edge portion, and inbending under die control the marginal interior portion into beads andlugs alternating in the circumferential direction of the flange, thebeads being curled outwardly toward the inner face of 'the flange insubstantially symmetrical rounded relation with the transversely roundedrim edge portion and the lugs being bent in an inward direction and,shaped into effective thread-engaging form.

33. The method of forming an interior locking projection on 'a capclosure flange of cylindrical form, which consists in subjecting auniform portion of the entire circumferential lower edge of the flangeto inward bending and curling pressure so as to produce an inwardlycurled supporting-bead having a constant cross sectional convex surfacecurve continuously around the inner periphery of the flange, andsubstantially concurrently'subjecting adeflnite segment of the materialfrom which the supporting curled bead is being produced to alesserbending and curling pressure until. an interior locking projection isobtained which has its base and ends integral with the supporting bead.

34. The method of forming interior locking projections on a' cap-closureflange of cylindrical form, which consistsin convexly curling inwardly auniform portion of the entire circumferential lower edge of the flangeto produce inwardly of the flange a convexly curled supporting basehaving beyond it a continuous marginal section. continuing to curl themarginal section to complete a curled bead around "he entire innerperiphery of the flange, and wnile continuing the curling to completethe curled bead, subjecting segments of the marginal section at thereofsimultaneously by a plurality of members which shape the incurled metalinto container engaging lugs, and thereafter simultaneously withdrawingsaid members.

38. The method of making a closure cap from a blank having a top and asubstantially cylinspaced points to bending and shaping pressure untilsuch segments assume between the adjacent sections of the curled bead,the form of locking projections which project inwardly beyond theadjacent segments of the curled bead.

35. The method of forming interior beads and looking projections on acap closure flange of stantially the innermost portion of the supportingrim edge to bending pressure until locking projections of the desiredshape and projection are obtained.

36. Apparatus of the kind described, having, in combination, a movabledie member and a movable anvil member, the die member being shapedforinwardly upsetting the entire cylindrical edge portion of acylindrical flange to form a curled bead with a substantially constantcross sectional curve around the entire inner periphery of the flange,the die member and anvil member having arrangement and operation so thatas the curled head is produced by the die member the anvil member willcooperate with the die member to press out and shape from a segment ofthe material being upset, a locking projection which is supported by thecurled bead, and said anvil member being effective to dispose thelocking projection in a position in which it projects inwardly beyondthe curving surface of the adjacent segments of the curled bead.

37. In a method of forming-a metal closure, the steps which comprisecurling inwardly the blank skirt throughout the entire circumferencethereof to form a circumferential bent in portion. and after the metalhas been curled inwardly to the desired extent, engaging spaced portions.a free edge.

drical flange terminating in a free edge, which comprises the steps ofcurling the free edge of the flange radially inwardly to form abead,partially uncurling circumferentially spaced portions of the bead, andthereby projecting the relatively uncurled portions radially inwardlybeyond the adjacent curled bead portions to form locking lugs for saidclosure cap.

39.'The method of making a closure cap from a blank having a top and asubstantially cylindrical flange terminating in a free edge, whichcomprises the steps of curling the free edge of the flange radiallyinwardly to form a bead, partially uncurling circumferentially spacedportions of the bead, while maintaining other portions in their curledcondition, and thereby projecting the relatively uncurled portionsradially inwardly beyond the adjacent curled bead portions to formlocking lugs for said closure cap.

40. The method of producing a thread-engaging lug on the metallicannular flange of a cap closure, which consists in inwardly inbending,without deforming the outer face of the flange, the rim portion of theflange, maintaining a pressure for curling the rim portion upon itselfto produce a resilient open bead at the inside face of the flange, andconcurrently pressing a segment of the inwardly bent rim portion toproduce aresilient projecting lug having communicating resiliency withthe curled bead at either side thereof.

41. In an apparatus of the character described. means for retaining acap closure having an annular flange, a movable die member having agroove for inwardly bending the rim portion of the annular flange toproduce on the flange an inwardly rounded rim edge, said groove beingshaped to press the inwardly bent material fol-' lowing the rounded rimedge. into a head of the desired configuration, an anvil within theoutline of the flange for engaging a segment of the inwardly bentmaterial at a point beyond a the rounded rim edge, said groovecooperating with the anvil to press the engaged segment intoa projectinglug beginning at the proximate termination of the rounded rim edge andending in EDWARD M. ENKUR.

